Welcome to the second Module for my course.
Week 11 – Society and Technology – 8 Feb 10
Week 10 – Power, Economy, community identity
Individual: power operates in many ways on the Internet, let’s take one example, that of Internet access, to discuss power (no more than half a page):
The first question on limits on access etc for the internet had me thinking. What type of limits, when, how much and where – all seemingly easy to answer. The power that I have to give my access to a specific carrier, their power to allow me to have that access – hmmmm. My own limits are very specific – best possible speed for as cheap as. I have gone a way towards achieving that, although I have exercised my power in that the major providers have not got the service. Do I feel powerful, yea a little bit, although there are limits on that power. What happens if I want to change – the current ISP has me locked into a contract, and they provide all the telephony. Who has the power, and the power to do what.
If I was to transgress those limits there are possible consequences. My speed would be shaped for one, not something that I would be happy about. The provider, with that power, is reasonably assured that I’ll either upgrade or top up the account.
My provider has a very clear charter on accountability and I have the expectation that inappropriate use will see either my access limited or service terminated. In effect, they would use there power to police or ensure that use is acceptable by community standards.
Individual: with reference to a friend or relative (you do not, by the way, have to identify this person by name), note (no more than half a page):
- What impressions would you have of them from the information available online? Surprisingly yes. I had to have a bit of a think with this one and ended up making a list of off and on line persona’s. It’s also easier to ‘view’ someone when they are face to face purely of the visual standards. This much harder when comments are read from a very flat screen with no tonal or facial impressions. The words may be said the same; however how we hear them is different. I think that we read more into on line communication now as there is no personal connection with the ‘giver’. On reflection, most of use have a different on and off screen persona. How I react and interact can/is/may be vastly different because of the different structure and media.
- Are there distinct differences between their face to face and online selves? No, subtle however still there. If I didn’t know this person well these differences may not have been as obvious or easy to see. The next question would be why – perhaps purely because we can, I wonder if online allows us to relax more….
Tutorial: discuss, in relation to an online community of your choice: My online community that of genealogical studies. This a community in that we are all researching a common theme – our family history. Individuals will come together to do specific name searches, or respond to a post as they may have some associated information. Family research is across national boundaries, ages and demographics, with little or no gaps between off and on-line. Irrespective of the tool used to search, such as sitting at a local library wading through microfiche or sitting at home reviewing data from a web sit we all are a like minded community. As far as the powerful, in this type of context there are a couple and they normally revolve around money. Whoever controls the information controls the flow and then finally the financial return. An example of this are Australian BDM’s. These can be purchased as CD’s via a international site and cost subantially more if the delivery address is and Aust one. Some of the big research/search players have fees associated with joining or searching.
The final question – Is there a difference between ‘virtual’ and ‘real’ life? What do these terms mean, nowadays? No in this community there is no difference. My thoughts are that virtual and real life verbiage are just old world tags. In this time, a community is a community, irrespective of who formed or actioned. I used to have a number of pen pals in the early 70’s and where part of a larger ‘network’ in its literal sense not internet speak. I think we considered ourselves real world.
Tutorial: pick 1 topic (e.g. dating) and list examples of the way the Internet has, in terms of your topic, become part of our everyday in terms of community, power, economy and identity. The best example for me is music. Music is very pervasive, you only have to listen to something from the Funk Brothers, Meatloaf or any musician or genre. Music is part of our everyday, and has been since time immemorial – try and go through a day without listening to music or having a tune flash though your thoughts. Musical ‘groupings’ can be very fluid as individuals change their likes or dislikes, bring them together for short periods as a community such as the Sunbury festive of the 70’s through to the Big Day Out sessions of today.
Power of music as a media, or arm, of the internet is multi dimensional. Power to me as a user means that I can listen, download, compile music in ways that only internet access allows. Do I want to compile a ‘best of’ list and load onto my MP3 – I can do that without a lot of technical skill. Do I want to join a community of other lieteners for a specific genre or style. This power can impact directly on my identity as it allows me the controllability to listen to what I want when I want, to ensure my needs are being meet easily.
One example of the economy of the internet can be easily seen now in the demise of CD sales. According to the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), in 2000 more than 11 million CD singles were sold, with this figure drooping to 1.3 million in 2008 (McFadyen, 2010). The most outstanding example for mine is the ability to download specific songs for small fees as opposed to purchasing a CD that may only have a small percentage of what I want to listen to.
My identify is readily identifiable via this medium. I am load and proud of the era that my musical taste was formed – Slade, Deep Purple etc. This allows me to more easily express my musical identify via a blog, Facebook etc.
McFadyen, W. (2010, January 10). The beat goes on. The Examiner, p 18.
Week 9 – Politics 25 Jan 10
Take a moment to write down the political and social issues that concern you. The range can be very broad, for instance, global warning, inadequate disabled facilities in your locality, and so forth:
Ohhh, a bit of a Pandora’s box here. Honesty, accountability, transparency. Pollis, at all levels to work (and appear to work) for us, the issues that are important to them are ones that are important to us. Some specific detail- future for my kids and grandkids. How will this level of debt be paid and how will that effect their life style/ Where will the water come from to make our quality of life sustainable? Will governments be allowed to govern without the interference of Unions and Business? At a local level – councils that forward think a little more than today or tomorrow. That are not so stepped in the past, that allow us to have a voice. State issues – health and what has become of the duty of care for it’s provision. I for one am really tired of the posturing that occurs between the state and federal governments – selling a hospital for a dollar…..
Health is one area that I’ve been directly impacted on. Specialist care can between 1.5 and 4 hours away in Tassie (yep who would have thought that in a small state). What can be done – as above, less posturing and more action.
Navigate around and discuss 2 of the following sites in terms of the kinds of involvement they encourage: Thoughts on two different websites – the Rudd and Turnbull ones. Rudd’s strikes me as more about the me factor – links to lots of other Kevin sites – ho hum. Turnbull’s, once past the sign up page, has a lot more individual detail. Main difference I suppose is the Rudds is a ‘web page’ and Turnbulls is more of a blog – things to read.
Internet and democracy and political participation
This question really got me thinking. What impact has the internet had? After the readings and the lecture, much more than I had thought. What would have been the outcome of the last Federal election if internet participation was disallowed? Perhaps a tad closer result! Internet participation – only those who have it or care I suppose, although that now involves a much larger mix of the voter base. It would also be more demographically refined – Gen X and Y mainly with interested Boomers. Rudd made excellent use of the internet and targeted youth in particular, where as the Liberals missed that boat entirely. One excellent use for internet participation has been the abaility to have a direct voice via various media – blogs etc. I have found myself becoming a bit of a grumpy old man as I can now direct my comments to the relevant source electronically.
Does it help to promote democracy? Depends on how that is measured. One way has been the focus in the US on voter registration – is that the measure? Or is democracy about being allowed to make an informed choice – the internet goes partially towards that, although yet to come across an fully impartial news source, must admit though that’s across all media and delivery medium sources.
Terry Flews Reading. To start with, lots of relevant detail about how good the Rudd campaign was, as opposed to the Howard one. I was expecting this type of commentary to be apolitical – for mine though reads just a little bit of left of centre and not a lot of balance. No comments on how the Labor Party use the Unions as there forth estate. Good article that misses the mark, although I do agree with his ascertain about the political journalism becoming more defused. As the internet becomes more a tool of reporting, so shall this happen more I feel. One question that jumps out at me is what form will this become. 15 to 40 years away it will be the only way, however until all the boomers pass on, will a US presidential style media blitz work? Not for me. I like my pollies to have more than glitz, glamour and electric bits about them.
Week 8 – Faith 18 Jan 10
Interesting activities – liked the spaghetti one. The discussion board has not a lot of commentary now, wonder if this has been enough of some, or just don’t want to comment….
Individual: what part does religion play in your life and those of your friends and family? Map out your own personal history with religion, whether as a believer, agnostic or atheist: how have you encountered different religions, what and how do you know of other religions, are there close friends or relatives whose beliefs have affected your own life in any way? I have my roots in a strong religious base, although by my parents yardstick I’m not a practicing Christian. Parents, grandparents religious, I attended Sunday school etc. I find this an interesting question, as I really don’t take note of some ones religion, as this barrier doers not play any part of who I am. Do I know others from other religions, probably, although unless obvious I don’t know. I have had some instances where others beliefs have impacted – can’t work on specific days or not celebrating Xmas or birthdays, again not a big deal in my life. Do I believe in some form of deity – yes I do, is it some form of the major religions –not sure. My belief is my belief. Even someone who espouses that they don’t follow any religion still follow the religion of non believers – OK a bit to deep.
Individual: navigate to this popular site, www.beliefnet.com, do the Belief-O-Matic quiz: what do you think of the results and the process of completing this quiz? Why would people want to do this? Well, almost anything is now available –hmmmm. Interesting quiz, and would love to know the weightings that responses are given to arrive at their particular answers. The process is simple, and some will be able to answer easily based on, or due to lack of, their personal religious faith. The question, who would do this is a little beyond me I have to be honest. Someone religion shopping maybe, someone who has not experienced some of these beliefs through life – (just shrugged my shoulders)
Analyse and discuss the interrelation between faith, spirituality, daily life and the Internet based on the examples provided above. Wow, really meaty question. While I don’t have a ‘faith’ if my spirituality is expressed that way, I do have a feeling of spirituality for something bigger in life. My partner and I have been raised in different branches of a Christian religion and we have some interesting discussions at times. An example is the death ceremony. Catholicism makes use of a form of a smoke ceremony, in some ways similar to that used by indigenous Australians. Is this part of our daily life and the internet – for some most definitely – have a look at Hillside? It is one of those areas – similar to on line gaming, where it can be whatever we want to make it – as big or as little.
I think I’ve said a lot while saying a little.
Week 7 – Essay Writing and preparation. 11 Jan 2010
Not a lot to do this week, a number of readings that made common sense. Posted my thesis and asked for feedback – only one response which was disappointing. The discussion board traffic appears to have ground to a holt – perhaps everyone starting to focus on the essay.
Thesis – This paper will discuss the impact that music, through Internet-expressed activities, has upon everyday life. This will be achieved by comparing and contrasting several aspects of musical expression using the internet as the forum (not the one that I ended up going with though)\
“Without music, life would be a mistake” (Friedrich Nietzsche). This paper will discuss the impact that music, through Internet-expressed activities, has upon everyday life. This topic is important as it will discuss the place that music has with individuals, cultures and our sense of self. This will be achieved by comparing and contrasting several aspects of musical expression using the internet as the main forum of that expression.
Week 6 – Games – Module 1.4 04 Jan 2010
This module discuss the rise and rise and rise of ‘gaming’ in an online environment. There has been a lot of discussion around who does what and the implication’s, although little in regards to the social impact. Some of the respondents discussed the ways that games are played, the differences in gender and/or localities, however is there any difference based on these. I thought that I would be OK with this module, however again surprised by the way that the content helped my understanding.
Activities
Discuss in the tutorial your personal experience of games. I don’t play online games – on specific reason. I do enjoy doing battle against the PC at times – I have been playing Diablo now for several years….. I started out playing early Dungeons and Dragons role play (early 90’s), and found that it was easy to look at the time and relies that it was early morning and I had been playing all night – not good from a work of family standpoint. No I’ll play Diablo one in a blue moon, however still enjoy it. After reading Cread II, I would like to start that.
What are the implications of the rise of casual and social games for online gaming and everyday life? So long as they are casual, and informed choice is made, the social and actual cost can be beared then it’s OK. It is a form of release – some golf, some fish etc..
Is it fair to say online gaming is more a part of everyday life in Korea than, say, Australia. Until I had done some reading on this I would have said not a lot except for population size. Now however my viewpoint is completely different. It would appear, based on my understanding of readings etc, that some of us are more hard wired to doing certain things, although it may also be environmental. Korea has a greater population, greater usage of bandwidth, cheaper overheads for IT goods etc.
Unit reflection
It was not until I was discussing with one of my daughters that I relieased the impact that online gaming is having. Her and her partner are set up with two PC’s to game online, and at any time. This surprised me as it made em think of the (in my mind anyway) the antisocial aspects – but are they. They are have some form of social congress – just not what I would have thought.
Week 5 – Health – Module 1.3
This week’s learning is the burgeoning use of the internet for health related issues. It provided some insights for the why and also the growth, although only touched on potential health or legal issues associated with this. This was a bit of an eye opener again for me, specifically some of the comments in the discussion board. One was rather surprised that a number of respondents do not use the internet for any diagnosis -hmmm
Activities
Have you ever searched on a medical or health issue online?
No, not even felt the need to. I have an excellent GP who I have absolute faith in.
Do you know of any situation where someone has found information that has not matched the advice given by their doctor? No, not until I started to read some of these responses and some of the sites. Always being the cynic though, if, having read something online – which has to be true J – do I position myself to actually have the what ever?
What do you think of the use of the Internet by non-medical professionals to seek advice and information about illnesses and other health issues? So long as any searching is open and transparent, and they are not making any actual diagnosis – that’s fine!!!
How much do you think the medical and health professionals where you are need to, and have, kept pace with developments on the Internet? Based on my relationship with my GP, I have no concerns with this. She is open about her knowledge, and at times lack of, and how she corrects this. It all comes back to the relationship I think. If someone has a GP that they regularly visit, as opposed to any GP that is available, they are more inclined to be comfortable with the discussions that are had and may not need to attempt to second guess.
How many people here have gone into the doctor and said ‘I looked up my symptoms online, and I’m pretty sure I have x, I read that y is the best treatment, so could you please prescribe me some of that?” Nope, not something that I would consider doing. Health is important to me, and in my opinion best left in the hands of those professionals in their chosen fields of expertise. I do take a bit of a leap of faith that they are current and correct with their interactions. I would be extremely worried that anything that I had looked at online would cause a shift in any possible diagnosis.
I would say I actually trust other, ordinary people in a similar situation more than an expert, but what does everyone else think? It would be the understanding of ordinary. If they are someone is considered to be a ‘layman’ then no. Although anyone with an interest in some specific medical condition has knowledge of that, they are products of an incomplete journey about that knowledge. Their comments will be colored by their perception, not their professional understanding. If you are getting your brand new car serviced for the first time, do you go to a recognised service centre or someone who operates from their home? If we are honest, the service centre – health is no different.
Do you use apomediaries when you research your health? In line with my previous comments, no. I can understand that people like Mary Shorman is considered to have extensive knowledge on her field of interest, would I want her to be making life changing diagnosis – no don’t think so.
I’m also curious to hear what people think about the privacy issues raised in Eysenbach. Do you have qualms about openly discussing health matters online and having them come back to haunt you? Health care issues need to be discussed in a F2F environment I feel. This allows for a medical professional to holistically look at the issues to make any valid diagnosis. Does discussing this online allow that – no, it allows more than the questioner and person answering to be party to the conversation. My health is a private concern between me and my health care provider – I could never countenance discussing it in such a open and transparent way.
The last activity required us to select a particular health topic that interests us for any reason (it could be a friend or relative’s medical condition, for instance). I selected Sleep Apoinia, and decided to have a split approach. The first was to just overview at a high level, then to review these notes and come up with 3 to 4 specific research areas. These were – impact on self/others, cost both emotive and actual, related health issues and ongoing care and support.
After completing these study I would say that my knowledge has increased 100 fold – I had only heard about it in relation to people who snore. The selection criteria that I used for sites was simple, any that had quinfitable research or part of an professional association. I found Google to provide the best response for me, as well as several blogs devoted to this issue.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_apnea
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/SleepApnea/SleepApnea_WhatIs.html
Unit reflection
I took a bit away from this, perhaps more about the actual research than anything else. I suppose I’m a product of my times and need the human interaction….
Week 4 – Xmas – Woo Hoo no work.
Week 3. Music 14 Dec 2009
Introduction.
This week’s learning is on music and some of its various interactions with the Internet. The focus is on the potential way that the internet can help, assist or modify musical interactions. The final question sums up this focus with what does the internet do for music, music consumers and producers. To answer this is to simply look at the changing shopping habits of society – a move away from stores to electronic. In this context the internet is simply a vehicle for a slightly different approach. Not different from when music changed from live only to recordings to tapes to CD’s to ………
Activities
What role does music play in your life and does it mesh with any of the practices and meanings described in the readings? Music is a huge part of my life. My world would not be the same if there was no music. I have a very ecleteric mix of styles and genres that I like, depending on mood mainly. I can really chill to Billie Holliday, Paulo Nintini or just bop to bands such as Aqua (yes I have both of their albums). I’m sitting here at the moment with Shania Twain pumping. Music sets my tone for the day, and at times I have to take myself to my musical happy place to help. I always have some tune happening in my head and will occasionally break into song J I have always found that music is the most common of ground between individuals, although when I’m home alone and AC/DC or Slade are belting out a tune my neighbors are not that keen on my common ground. One of the advantages of having a sound system that does not simply plug into ears is that fun can be had with a graphical equalizer and great speakers. Nothing quite like Highway to Hell cranked load while one cooks or cleans. Music is fun, music is life and music is growth. Does it match with the readings, not really, as specifically with Beers attempt to link the failure of TOTP to the raise of the Second Musical Age – hmmmm. I suppose it’s the tagging of music into set ages. Why can’t this be the fifth of 20th. Could it be as simple as our individual choice of music and how we listen, share and love it? Music will only stop in my life when breathing does.
Are your tastes shared with other people or groups that you are in contact with? All the time. I use discussions of music as ice breakers whenever meeting new people, I use music when I train, I have music playing whenever I’m anywhere that I have (or allowed) control of the boom box. Are they their tastes to my taste or vice versa, sometimes not. It is however great listening to someone’s favorite and thinking – hmmm would not have thought that
How do you usually ‘pick up’ a musician/band or song? Tune, singer, band, clip, how much bop or beat. Lots of different things. At times this can be linked to an emotive state, not one main reason but many.
Do you download music, watch videos with music, reveal your tastes in online profiles and applications? I don’t share my musical taste with any online forum, not for any specific reason only because I’ve never thought to. Hardly download, I much prefer to visit a specialty store to look at the CD’s, tapes and vinyl’s (yep have all them, something old-world and romantic about listening to an old 33 or 45). I do have an iPod, it’s great for walking.
Discuss your responses and the degree to which people’s responses match those described in the readings and/or the closest match to your own tastes and practices.
Readings:
There are two readings this week. The second of these, Beers work on the rise of the so called Second Media Age can be linked to the fall of the BBC show Top of The Pops, a popular musical program. He draws together the research and comments of a number of others to discuss and hyposise his suggested link between the two. Additionally is the link of social network sites such as Myspace as alternative sources of musical procurement and use. This use now stretches past the simplistic use of downloads and listening that catagrisied the first age to making and potential distribuation.
David Beer. (2006, September 30). The Pop-Pickers Have Picked Decentralised Media: the Fall of Top of the Pops and the Rise of the Second Media Age. Social Research Online. Url: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/11/3/beer.html. Viewed 21 Dec 09
Week 2. Dating Etc – 07 Dec 2009
Introduction
This module provides a vehicle for us to commence identifying some of the specific uses of the internet and web via exposure to online dating and intimacy by distance (Web). I had thought that I had a reasonable understanding of this subject – having used RSVP previously-however not the full scope and depth that this can be traversed.
How individuals use sites such as RSVP or Virtual Vancover to sate their need – either emotive or physical – is huge. I feel that the only courting ritual not catered for in a virtual sense is the actual birth. All needs can be sated in a virtual sense –again physical or emotive, from meeting/courting, gift giving, gratification of a need through to all over red rover. The cynic in me wants to say – who needs a real person when an avatar or two will do……
Is cybersex allowing our current society to grow, mature and prosper emotively – I’m not sure. Has this been studied sufficiently to be aware of potential pit falls – again not sure. Does it meet the need of a few, yep. Individuals who for what ever reason in their life, need it as a tool. The pornography industry most definitely, not sure what to call the dating specific sites.
Will this ultimately benefit us as a society – the jury is out in my mind – perhaps I’m a product of my time. First dates are a time of nerves, anticipation, flowers and actually meeting someone in a real physical sense.
Activities
- Individual: how far would a partner/spouse have to go online before it is considered cheating? Up to what point is flirting online acceptable? How ‘real’ is cybersex?. OK, several questions in one. How far is, to me fairly easy – when there is an emotive attachment, this may be expressed as a physical act/activity. Is flirting acceptable – kinda. We all flirt at times, it can be a sign of a healthy relationship. Problem is when does flirting stop and become something else? Is cybersex real. In the cold light of day – no, although I’m apply my definitation of real – physical exchanges required. When individual needs, wants and desires are added to the mix – yes, probably. This has started to become really murky. Oh for back in the day when this was not an option
- Group: read the Pascoe chapter above and discuss dating, romance, and intimacy in the context of the Internet.
Although I’ve not posted anything re this article, the traffic has been many and varied. A lot of differing points of views, although I fully agree with the comment made by MQ on 9/12/09 in the Pascoe – dating, intimacy and the Internet thread that read “Yet, a generation who may take these virtual actions as reality and consider it as the norm, then we must put it into context and understand the lifestyle and technological society these youth are raised in and bombarded with everyday, this in their eyes may simple be normal”.
Group: discuss in your tutorial the acceptability of online dating amongst your friends and family. Do you know of anyone that’s met someone online and then gone on to date them face to face?. My post to the discussion board – Yes I used internet dating and I had a blast. I was going through a period where set up from friends and blind dates was not me. Using RSVP was a big step, post divorce and my kids where/are still put out. This I found very interesting as I’m a boomer and my children (then) were in the 16 to 22 age group. Computer savvy and literate however shocked still the same.
The comments have been very interesting, would love to know the age spread however. Is using internet dating sites more of a focal dating point for certain demographics? When I recently had a quick look back at RSVP (it’s been several years, and I’m with a great partner that I meet on a blind date- yea go figure), the generational spread seems pretty even. What has changed though is the openness of some to comment on their expected outcome – long term to a short term hot and sweaty.
An additional question. Do we think that using, and its acceptable use, of internet dating is based on individual need and not demographical usage –age, gender, religion etc
Reflection.
From a knowledge perspective this has been a really great module to action. I’ve enjoyed the challenge on condensing my real thoughts on an area that has huge implications on life and living. It has helped with my understanding that this is most definitely not a cut and dried area as I had previously thought. One respondent (JA) to a thread stated “Quite simply put is that I cannot adapt back to a life without internet if I ever did go backwards I would be lost on another planet” challenged me to move my perspective from what I was comfortable with – really got me to thinking.
Week 1. Studying the Internet 30 Nov 2009
Overview: Introduction to each other and our use of the internet and differing perspectives. Asks us to start defining how our understanding of the internet can and is different from others – why is this so?
Activities: –
- Mind map. I was aware of mind maps and have used them in a small scale, however this one is WOW. Lots of detail that I had not thought of, and I like the way that it is a living document. Added a small point and will follow and add etc if I see the need from my perspective.
- My first use of the internet. Copied from my post to the discussion board.
This is a bit like sharing our first dates. Mine, well here goes:
How did I first encounter, hear or read about it? My first exposure to the ‘internet’ was via a glossy publication that a sales person gave me – he was selling me my first computer in 1997.
When and how did you first ‘go online’ and what did you think of it? It was not until the following year that I went all the way and signed up for a dialup plan, and it was great. This is actually an interesting question, becouse what was there to compare it to? Dialup speed was great cause thats all there was etc. My first use was for Genelogical research, and being able to eletronically corrospond with someone overseas without the cost of an international call or the delay of white mail was huge.
How do you use it nowadays? In between an allday and everyday useage. It’s a tool, sometimes I do life emotional things like facebook or geneoligical research, life housekeeping like banking or shopping or Business/work – access business intranets or own company profiles for organisational reasons through to educational – this.
Do you think of it as different or part of your everyday life. Neither and both. It is something that is like death and taxes. I use it becouse it’s there. If there was no internet, I would pick up a phone and call, I would visit my local bank, I would put pen to paper and write etc.
Reflectation. Excellent introduction, setting the scene for further understanding to be challenged and/or built. Looking forward to this module.
Online Discussion
Readings
- ‘Everyday Life’ and ‘Conclusion’ by A.A. Berger. This small article discusses Berger’s thoughts on how the interaction between mass media, popular culture and everyday life. He, using several his own and other researches works, attempts to bring together the views that our beliefs, views, morals etc shape our everyday beliefs and that these change.
- 2. The Internet in Everyday Life: An Introduction by Barry Wellman & Caroline Haythornthwaite. Article that discuss the impact that a virtual page has had on a traditional paper page. Although this is an ongoing trend, it is impacted by individual’s ability to access these pages and their desire to.
References
‘Everyday Life’ and ‘Conclusion’ sections (pp. 163 to 165) of Berger, A. A. (1995). Sociological Theory and Cultural Criticism. In Cultural Criticism: A Primer of Key Concepts (pp. 135-165). Sage Publications.
Barry Wellman, & Caroline Haythornthwaite. (2002). The Internet in Everyday Life: An Introduction (pp. 1-28). Retrieved December 9, 2009 from http://chass.utoronto.ca/~wellman/publications/everdayintro/ Haythornthwaite_Wellman_intro.PDF
Lectures – Elaine tray. Internet Studies – Introduction. Elaine overviews unit, blackboard etc. Discusses material that is covered in Unit overview
Peters Internet Communications - OLA 
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